The Principles Of Liberal Idealism And Realism

The Principles Of Liberal Idealism And Realism With the end goal of this article, my conversations will be limited to the hypothesis of Realism and would think about my insight into the theme before the class, key gave raised, what I realized during the course and how it affected on my understanding, I would likewise talk about what I did from that point with my insight into the subject regarding further examination. I had recently the essential information about the idea of Realism before going to the previously mentioned class which is that force is of essential significance to the pragmatist. Additionally, in worldwide relations, states are fundamentally roused to get force and security on account of rebellion on the world stage. The 1963 adaptation of the film Lord of the flies which we viewed in a past class likewise went far to help my comprehension of the topics of intensity and security in the pragmatist way of thinking. In the film Lord of the flies, components of authenticity were featured, there was a high respect for the estimations of national security and state endurance which was prominent in the character of jack who shaped his own pack of trackers and professed to give security from the mammoth and nourishment for each one of the individuals who followed his authority. Additionally, the conviction that universal relations are conflictual and that these contentions are at last set tled by war. This can be connected to the character of Jack who had steady conflicts with Ralph of which he was consistently all set to war. I gained from the film that laws and rules are important to keep the darker side of human instinct under wraps. At the point when all components of human progress vanished from the island, the young men return to a progressively crude piece of their temperament; savages and insurgency supplanted majority rule government. Throughout the course, ten presumptions of the standards of authenticity were examined dependent on Kegley (1995) who affirmed that individuals are evil and insidious naturally and the probability of disposing of the intuition for power is somewhat idealistic. Key issues were raised and examined from alternate points of view, however something quite compelling to me was how force was seen by a portion of my friends as not simply the capacity to rule others or as a state having worldwide impact or military quality on the world stage and not even in budgetary terms. Influence was seen in thoughts too; a philosophy is significantly more impressive than cash or some other material thing. This is fascinating on the grounds that the pragmatist has this chain of command of intensity capacities and military quality is its most evident method of implementing power, the pragmatist would consign thoughts to low legislative issues. This point was tested during the conversation by a kindred under study who expressed that the pragmatist conviction of intensity supplanting a belief system had changed after the Second World War and that philosophy had been set on an a lot more elevated level than power. In any case, that was something very similar that was said in the tallness of the virus war, the battle was a conflict of a belief system and this conflict was fought through firearms, tanks and bombs. A decent inquiry raised was that are the weapons, tanks and bombs an unfortunate obligation or would they say they are a methods in itself? In other words are these weapons supplementing a philosophy? Or on the other hand will thoughts be crushed by firearms, tanks and bombs. By and by I think on the since quite a while ago run, a philosophy will endure any type of weapon since it is the lifestyle of a people yet on the off chance that there is an uprising, weapons can be utilized to stifle yet not really causing passings or more confusion. Be that as it may, this was not the situ ation in China during the Tiananmen Square Massacre of June 1989, where understudies and erudite people drove arrangement of showings in and close Tiananmen Square in Beijing starting on 14 April, 1989. For over about a month and a half, a huge number of understudies assembled at Tiananmen Square to challenge the legislatures dictatorship and called for monetary change and popularity based change. The evening of June 4 1989, the Peoples Liberation Armys (PLA) tanks folded into the focal point of Beijing and executed many understudies, savvy people, supporters and onlookers (Shirk, 2007). Another intriguing issue raised would one say one was excellent contention in the core of the virus war which is that would Washington penance New York so as to spare London? Implying that if there was an atomic assault, would Washington understand that our obligation is to spare our partner before we spare ourselves. In responding to this inquiry, a state thinks about its self and its advantages first, it must be figuring, Washington will never forfeit New York to spare London or some other partner. Likewise with regards to control, a state has its enthusiasm on a fundamental level; taking a gander at the China, United States, Taiwan relationship, America remained in there as a middle person power additionally placing into thought what its misfortunes would be on the off chance that it takes any ill-advised choices, which shows that a state thinks about its advantages first and is continually figuring. The US provoke China in spite of its steady human rights mishandles in light of t he fact that China is the huge kid on the play area. Another issue talked about was that of national intrigue, the pragmatist characterizes national enthusiasm as the obtaining of intensity (Kegley, 1995).We live in this air of national intrigue. It was in the US national enthusiasm to attack Iraq and go into Afghanistan; I assume it was in the national enthusiasm to escape Iraq. A state needs to get power however much as could be expected on the off chance that not, another state would and this at that point turns into a danger. As per Machiavelli, the central obligation of states individuals is to progress and protect the national intrigue. For Machiavelli, if the state isn't solid, it will be a standing greeting for others to go after it (Donnelly, 2000). Toward the finish of the course, we concurred that force can't be destroyed rather; means and components to limit and control it ought to be set up. The class affected on my comprehension of the ideas and standards of authenticity to a huge degree particularly the conversations on belief system of which I presumed that everybody is allowed to have a philosophy, something they have faith in. Be that as it may, the inquiry remains: what do you do with your philosophy? Is it utilized in a positive or negative manner? Pioneers since the Roman Empire have utilized belief system to ingrain among the majority a typical cognizance, to help defend or teardown political networks and to similarly vanquish or repulse elective philosophies. A philosophy can likewise be utilized to submit fear based oppression everywhere throughout the world for instance, Islamic fanatics or radicals and 9/11. Hybel (2009) contends that world on-screen characters for a considerable length of time have tried to proliferate a structure of significance through the world field that mirrored their own arrangement of convictions, thoughts and qualities which would a dequately ensure and advance their material enthusiasm, accepting their framework to be better than all others and such they felt ethically obliged to spread it. Hybel states that extreme Islamism is driven by a similar arrangement of objectives. At the point when these excesses of thoughts struggle or contend, war turns out to be practically inescapable. After the course, I completed more examination to help the information picked up, I applied the idea of the pragmatist journey for capacity to genuine circumstance in global relations and hypothetical methodologies coordinated with applied investigations on occasions. Extraordinary powers everywhere throughout the world are continually vieing for impact, worldwide rivalry between the United States, china, Russia, Europe, Iran, India and Japan raises dangers of territorial clashes. I had the option to comprehend why the United State was a yearning superpower. Kagan (2008) contends that Americas specialized advances in weaponry far exceeded the remainder of the world and set the US in an extraordinary class of military superpower. As an issue of worldwide methodology, they have favored a dominance of capacity to a level of influence with different countries, demanding protecting and if conceivable expanding provincial prevalence in the Middle east, East Asia, The Western Hemisphere: up to this point Europe and Central Asia. As per Chomsky (2003), The United States has been seeking after an excellent majestic methodology planned for marking out the globe. They are happy to command (as in the Cuban rockets Crisis) regardless of how high the stakes. The Bush organization in September 2002 reported its National Security procedure which proclaimed the option to turn to power to kill any apparent test to US worldwide authority, which is to be changeless. China is another (developing) superpower and a power to be dealt with on the world stage. Sixty years prior, China was torn by local clashes, attacked, helpless, separated and poor. Today, it is a monetary monster with its economy dashing to turn into the biggest on the planet and its military force developing consistently. No other country has moved quicker from shortcoming to quality (Kagan, 2008). All in all, the course opened my comprehension to a plenty of thoughts and ideas I heretofore had little information on and had the option to understand the connection between the hypothetical methodologies of global relations and genuine circumstances present on the planet today just as to expertly examine worldwide occasions.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

Question: Examine about the Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. Answer: Presentation: Nosocomial diseases are the contaminations procured by the patients during their stay in the medicinal services office, and are the significant purpose for most of the difficulties that are predominant in the human services office. Place for malady control and counteraction have evaluated that more than generally 1.7 million frequencies of emergency clinic procured diseases happen that prompts in excess of 99000 passings consistently (Allegranzi et al., 2013). This horrible situation has without a doubt caught the consideration of the medicinal services specialists worldwide and has gotten one of the general human services needs over the most recent couple of years. Aside from the casualty rates, emergency clinic gained contaminations additionally are found to expand the medicinal services expenses to a broad 2 to 2.5 overlap more and furthermore altogether builds the stay in the clinic of the patients (Al-Tawfiq et al., 2013). A social insurance unpredictability so pervasive and dreadful couldn't have been ignored by the wellbeing section of land specialists and governments, and it has not been. Over the most recent 10 years there have been different disease control systems that have been presented in the medicinal services industry that have seen better outcomes with sufficient exertion and committed consistence. One such methodology that is simple, reasonable and massively viable in diminishing the occurrence pace of emergency clinic gained contamination is hand cleanliness approach. Anyway considers recommend that there is an immense absence of excitement and consistence to this strategy which delimits the opportunity of the patients accomplishing quicker and simpler recuperation and builds their opportunity of surrendering to different diseases (Al-Tawfiq et al., 2013). This report will endeavor to talk about the two procedures to guarantee consistence of the human services staff to hand cleanliness ar rangements and examine in subtleties all the variables related with the ramifications of these systems. Importance of hand cleanliness consistence: Studies recommend that in excess of 1000 distinct types of microorganisms occupy the human epidermis, or our skin surface. Our hands are the most great reproducing ground or microorganisms and are home to 1500 microbes for each square centimeter. Aside from that, it ought not be disregarded that the microbiota are omnipresent, they are all over the place, and each conceivable surface that our hands contact each and every day are a hotspot for a large number of various microorganisms, a lion's share of them can be irresistible (Costers et al., 2012). As hands are the hotspot for a huge number of irresistible microorganisms, hand cleanliness unavoidably is the best and best strategy to keep disease under control, this is considerably increasingly successful in the social insurance office where both the patients and the human services experts are presented to a horde of microbiota every day in the medicinal services office. Subsequently significance of hand cleanliness in human services experts in the field of medication is central (Ellingson et al., 2014). CDC or community for illness control and avoidance has a foreordained arrangement of hand cleanliness approaches set up though wellbeing couldn't care less offices to follow. The approach explanations directs that antimicrobial washes are to be utilized to clean hands that show up obviously messy and filthy, routine hand washing ought to likewise be drilled as an every day purification procedure and while experiencing a polluted patient of ward (Fisher et al., 2013). The announcement further indicates that in occasions where the hands are not obviously messy or dirtied liquor rubs can be selected to perform routine sterile cleaning of the hands. This method is to be followed when coming into immediate or backhanded contact with patients that represent no danger of sullying. Clinging to this hand cleanliness strategy can guarantee diminishing the hazard to contamination in the patients fundamentally anyway there is a huge absence of consistence to the hand cleanliness arrangements (Pa n et al., 2013). Considering the Australian social insurance enactment, the hand cleanliness arrangement is viewed as the fifth most fundamental human services routine. As indicated by the rules of National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards, hand cleanliness is suggested multiple times for the medicinal services laborers all for the duration of the day (Fuller et al., 2012). On an increasingly elaborative note, the medicinal services laborers should perform hand cleanliness before connecting with a patient, subsequent to connecting with quiet, before an aseptic obligation, in the wake of partner with body liquids and when entering polluted region. The clinical hazard evaluation authority of Australia has suggested that every single human services association must practice the rules set out by the National Safety and Quality Health Service so as to limit the hazard to persistent because of medical clinic obtained contamination. In addition is has been likewise encouraged to guarantee that th e staff is urged and spurred to follow the hand cleanliness convention, anyway litte endeavors had been seen to accomplish this objective (Hagel et al., 2015). Studies recommend that the greater part of the contamination that are obtained by the patients in the social insurance office is because of the absence of consistence in the staff about hand cleanliness on the loose. Be that as it may, there is no huge activity from the human services specialists to decide the causes behind the resistance and follow up on those reasons (Higgins Hannan, 2013). In an exploratory report it was discovered that there can be more than reasons why medicinal services calling don't consent to the hand cleanliness convention yet the most imperative contributing variables can be the absence of mindfulness and the absence of instruction in the social insurance laborers that lead them to disregard the hand cleanliness convention prompting putting the wellbeing and government assistance of the patients in danger (Huis et al., 2012). Such a circumstance will possibly keep on raising if there are no procedures set up to guarantee that the medicinal services is const rained and persuaded to go along to the approach. Strategise to guarantee consistence in medicinal services offices: One of the contributing elements behind the need for consistence that takes up most of fault is the absence of instruction and mindfulness in the human services about the hand cleanliness and its significance. Exploratory research studies and overviews propose that most of care bolster staff don't comprehend the significance of hand cleanliness n clinical practice and frequently they disregard holding fast to this convention for the most part because of absence of time, substantial outstanding task at hand, persistent needs, troublesome working conditions and absence of genuineness (Ling How, 2012). Thus it is of much significance to instruct all the care staff the significance of hand cleanliness and how rebelliousness to it can prompt unsafe ramifications for both the patients and the laborers themselves. Studies propose that as a rule the human services staffs doesn't know about the dangers they put themselves on with ignoring appropriate hand cleanliness and it tends not out of t he ordinary that the staff is appropriately taught about the repercussions of not sticking to a standard hand cleanliness program they will be progressively inspired to consent (Momen et al., 2012). These instruction and preparing projects can be set up at regular intervals or so to guarantee that all the staff get the chance to benefit this projects. Besides these instructive projects ought to be liberated from cost for the medicinal services proficient to join in and ought to incorporate extra focuses in the acknowledgment and evaluation program set up in the social insurance office in the human services program to guarantee that the staffs is attracted to go to this classes. In conclusion the preparation and worker administrations of the medicinal services office ought to guarantee that the recently enlisted staff are made mindful of the instructive and preparing projects to go to them (Morgan et al., 2012). Use of enlivened and intelligent designs in the instructive introduction of the hand cleanliness consistence program will likewise interest the workers to join in and comprehend the arrangement, its significance and the repercussions of not sticking to it. It has addition ally been seen that most cases the staffs overlook in their overwhelming and thorough outstanding task at hand to stick to the hand cleanliness strategies, the banners will assist the staff with being reminded on numerous occasions (Pincock et al., 2012). On a comparable note, another contributing variable that has been distinguished that drive the staff to not hold fast to the hand cleanliness rules is the troublesome access of the sanitation operators and the bothering it causes in the hands of the medicinal services laborers. Numerous wellbeing section of land reviews have portrayed that a lion's share of the social insurance laborers that reject the utilization of hand sanitation techniques, decline it due to the absence of accessibility and troublesome access of the sanitation items and the bothering it causes in their grasp (Pan et al., 2013). The antimicrobial hand washes are commonly made of brutal synthetic concoctions that peel the skin off of dampness and cause aggravation response in the skin for the delicate cleaned populace of the social insurance laborers. If there should be an occurrence of alcoholic rubs also, the high grouping of liquor present tears the characteristic dampness of the hands on dreary use and cause dr ying and flakiness in skin. Consequently, the greater part of the human services laborers abstain from interacting with the hand washes on the off chance that they can help. The absence of exacting guidelines and danger to punishments adds fuel to their defiance further (Pincock et al, 2012). So as to battle this issue the emergency clinic authority needs to embrace the activities to guarantee that the hand sanitation items are set at effectively available territories all through the social insurance office and they re recharged normally to guarantee that the unavailability of the items don't cause the medicinal services staff to not agree to the hand cleanliness strategies (Scheithauer et al., 2012). In addition the medicinal services office needs to put resources into the hand cleanliness technique, so they can buy mellow antimicrobial hand washing operators

Long-Overdue Responses

Long-Overdue Responses This is a long one. Apologies in advance! First, a quick response to this Id just like to remind folks that blogging is not in my job description, nor is it in Matts. Its something we do in our spare time because we think that keeping in touch with you guys on a personal level makes the whole admissions experience more fulfilling for everyone involved on both sides of the equation. I apologize to those of you who think these blogs are just a glorified PR trick. Im not going to waste any time attempting to refute that my blog is what it is, and the folks who get it will get something out of it. Others wont, no matter what I say here. That makes me sad, but I can live with it, thanks to the rest of you. Okay, here are a bunch of responses to my blog comments NoCreativity thanks for your post and I am so sorry to hear about the student at your school who was killed. You couldnt have said it better people do need to try to keep some perspective when it comes to life and disappointments. Thank you for saying that. At the end of my junior year of high school one of my friends died in a car accident. I remember how my class came together in the wake of that experience cliques ceased to exist, people stopped arguing about trivial things, folks started to look for the good in each other instead of the differences. Its such a shame that it sometimes takes such a loss to wake people up to whats really important. Thanks for doing your part to keep these threads on the right path. As you also point out, however, people have every right to be disappointed if they didnt receive the big envelope. For me, seeing the admitted students happy is no consolation to seeing the deferred students so unhappy, because the former all got what they deserved whereas many of the latter did not. It would be so much easier if the number of qualified applicants matched the number of open spots. Anyway if you are comfortable telling me who you are (email address below), Id be psyched to read your essay. It doesnt sound familiar, which means I wasnt one of your readers for Early Action, but I can still read it if I know which file to open. :-) If not, no worries, I definitely respect the folks who wish to remain anonymous here. (Edit one thing I should mention, as Ive already received a few emails about this: unfortunately I cant offer feedback or advice on an individual case-by-case basis I wish we could, but it wouldnt be fair to other applicants who werent able to receive the same attention. I apologize for being misleading above. Basically, I meant that Id really enjoy reading the essays that are discussed here; I just cant respond to them directly. Im only allowed to give general advice written for everyone via the blog.) As for what you can do Marilee has written a letter which will be published this week in your MyMIT account. She says pretty much what Ive said in earlier entries theres unfortunately not much you can do, as you were likely deferred for space reasons, not because your application wasnt great. Off the record and I say that because this is a personal instinct and not one that is in any way officially sanctioned by the MIT admissions office Id say if youre going to send in something additional, address the idea of the match in some way. If you feel your application hasnt done this already, let us know why MIT is the place you really want to be. Talk about the real you what makes you feel truly alive in the context of MIT. Why is this the best place to continue the pursuit of your dreams? And feel free to hijack my blog any day of the week if youre going to add such good, thoughtful posts to the conversation. :-) Sagar asked should I be busting my ass over classes like french, where getting an A is very difficult, or should I spend my time doing the things I love, like bettering my chess engine, or my Neural Network CS projects, or My C interpreter, or my miniature mock particle accelerator? My two cents: you should do both, but balance them. You should strive to do your very best overall, but recognize that your life will require compromises and sacrifices. In a nutshell, we understand that your best in French may well be a B if your brain and priorities are wired more towards other things and thats okay. We know you could sacrifice your true passions to get that A in French, but at what cost? Lets say it takes an investment of 2 hours a day to raise your french grade from a B to an A, but it feels miserable, like swimming upstream. If you applied those 2 hours instead to something your brain was truly excited about, wouldnt that be a much better (and productive) use of the time? Just dont waste the two hours. Do something magical with them that will stand out from the application to the point that a reader wont even notice the B in french. People run into problems when they sacrifice one thing for another but then fail to follow through. Make sure that your B in French is balanced by something amazing you did with all the time you saved. On the other hand, you dont want to swing too far in the opposite direction. Anything less than a B in french could hurt you, especially in the later high school years. But an application with a solid B in French and vast accomplishments in other areas is likely going to be more competitive than one with a perfect GPA and nothing else. Does this answer your question somewhat? Its not totally a black and white issue you really have to be the one to decide what the best use of your time is. Id say most importantly, make sure you are true to yourself. Live your life! If you follow your passions and use your time wisely, success will ultimately follow. Mike D Feel free to call and ask for me. (When they ask where youre calling from, say Brooklyn and then scream NO SLEEP TIL!!!!) Seriously, I am here until 5PM M/T/W of this week (although not always at my desk sometimes Im out and about doing MyMIT stuff). Then Im out until 1/3. Matt is already gone for the holidays But if we can connect Id love to chat. Anonymous there is a space for the question you described. Its #14 in Part 2. (Thanks Sean for beating me to it!) You are welcome to send in additional materials, I think Matt was just saying that in most cases theyre not necessary your application is probably already very strong (see above for further discussion). Another personal opinion of mine I think its always good to check in with a school between getting deferred and Regular Action. It shows the school that youre still really interested (assuming that you are!). This can be done with supplemental materials or just a simple email or letter. Any of these will be recorded into your file and seen when your application is reviewed again. Earlier I wrote that trying to define admissions with a formula is like trying to explain poetry using calculus to which Marcus replied I thought calculus was a form of poetry. Marcus you are absolutely right (although the farthest I ever got was AB Calc, which didnt seem very poetic Im assuming it gets moreso in upper-level Calc?). Regardless, it was a bad analogy, especially in the company of all you math stars. Let me put it another way I read a ton of Shakespeare in high school and college and hated most of it until my Dad said Shakespeare was never meant to be read, it was meant for the stage. So I went and saw Shakespeare, and it changed everything it was brilliant. Trying to define admissions with a formula is like reading Shakespeare and thinking thats the extent of the experience. Accepting admissions for what it really is a wholly human endeavor thats like seeing Shakespeare on a stage, brought to life by the finest actors in the world. An anonymous poster asked how to email me its benjones at mit dot edu. I trust you can rearrange the anti-spam wording of that. ;-) And to the person who suggested the RSS feed for my blog fantastic idea. Ive been planning that for awhile and just havent gotten around to it, but it will be coming soon. Sorry for the delay, I know Im behind the times! Thanks to all of you for posting feedback for me. It makes this blog so much more fun. Happy holidays to everyone! -B

History of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I (Otto the Great)

Otto the Great (Nov. 23, 912—May 7, 973), also known as  Duke Otto II of Saxony, was known for consolidating the German  Reich  and making significant advances for secular influence in papal politics. His reign is generally considered to be the true beginning of the Holy Roman Empire. He was elected king Aug. 7, 936 and crowned emperor Feb. 2, 962. Early Life Otto was the son of Henry the Fowler and his second wife, Matilda. Scholars know little of his childhood, but it is believed he engaged in some of Henrys campaigns by the time he reached his late teens. In 930 Otto wed Edith, the daughter of Edward the Elder of England. Edith bore him a son and a daughter. Henry named Otto  his successor, and a month after Henrys death, in August of 936, the German dukes elected Otto king. Otto was crowned by the archbishops of Mainz and Cologne at Aachen, the city that had been Charlemagnes favorite residence. He was twenty-three years old. Otto the King The young king was bent on asserting the kind of firm control over the dukes that his father had never managed, but this policy led to immediate conflict. Eberhard of Franconia, Eberhard of Bavaria, and a faction of disgruntled Saxons under the leadership of Thankmar, Ottos half-brother, began an offensive in 937 that Otto swiftly crushed. Thankmar was killed, Eberhard of Bavaria was deposed, and Eberhard of Franconia submitted to the king.   The latter Eberhards submission appeared to be only a facade, for in 939 he joined with Giselbert of Lotharingia and Ottos younger brother, Henry, in a revolt against Otto that was supported by Louis IV of France. This time Eberhard was killed in battle and Giselbert drowned while fleeing. Henry submitted to the king, and Otto forgave him. Yet Henry, who felt he should be king himself in spite of his fathers wishes, conspired to murder Otto in 941. The plot was discovered and all the conspirators were punished except Henry, who was again forgiven. Ottos policy of mercy worked; from then on, Henry was loyal to his brother, and in 947 he received the dukedom of Bavaria. The rest of the German dukedoms also went to Ottos relatives. While all this internal strife was going on, Otto still managed to strengthen his defenses and expand the boundaries of his kingdom. The Slavs were defeated in the east, and part of Denmark came under Ottos control; the German suzerainty over these areas was solidified by the founding of bishoprics. Otto had some trouble with Bohemia, but Prince Boleslav I was forced to submit in 950 and paid tribute. With a strong home base, Otto not only fended off Frances claims to Lotharingia but ended up mediating in some French internal difficulties.   Ottos concerns in Burgundy led to a change in his domestic status. Edith had died in 946, and when the Burgundian princess Adelaide, the widowed queen of Italy, was taken prisoner by Berengar of Ivrea in 951, she turned to Otto for aid. He marched into Italy, took up the title King of the Lombards, and married Adelaide himself.   Meanwhile, back in Germany, Ottos son by Edith, Liudolf, joined together with several German magnates to revolt against the king. The younger man saw some success, and Otto had to withdraw to Saxony; but in 954 the invasion of the Magyars set off problems for the rebels, who could now be accused of conspiring with enemies of Germany. Still, fighting continued until Liudolf at last submitted to his father in 955. Now Otto was able to deal the Magyars a crushing blow at the Battle of the Lechfeld, and they never invaded Germany again. Otto continued to see success in military matters, particularly against the Slavs. Otto the Emperor In May of 961, Otto was able to arrange for his six-year-old son, Otto (the first son born to Adelaide), to be elected and crowned King of Germany. He then returned to Italy to help Pope John XII stand against Berengar of Ivrea. On February 2, 962, John crowned Otto emperor, and 11 days later the treaty known as Privilegium Ottonianum was concluded. The treaty regulated relations between pope and emperor, although whether or not the rule allowing emperors to ratify papal elections was part of the original version remains a matter for debate. It may have been added in December, 963, when Otto deposed John for instigating an armed conspiracy with Berengar, as well as for what amounted to conduct unbecoming a pope.   Otto installed Leo VIII as the next pope, and when Leo died in 965, he replaced him with John XIII. John was not well-received by the populace, who had another candidate in mind, and a revolt ensued; so Otto returned to Italy once more. This time he stayed several years, dealing with the unrest in Rome and heading south into Byzantine-controlled portions of the peninsula. In 967, on Christmas Day, he had his son crowned co-emperor with him. His negotiations with the Byzantines led to a marriage between young Otto and Theophano, a Byzantine princess, in April of 972. Not long afterwards Otto returned to Germany, where he held a great assembly at the court in Quedlinburg. He died in May of 973 and was buried next to Edith in Magdeburg. Resources and Further Reading Arnold, Benjamin.  Medieval Germany, 500-1300: a Political Interpretation. University of Toronto Press, 1997.â€Å"Otto I, the Great.†Ã‚  CATHOLIC LIBRARY: Sublimus Dei (1537), www.newadvent.org/cathen/11354a.htm.REUTER, TIMOTHY.  Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800-1056. TAYLOR FRANCIS, 2016.

Fitzgerald s Pursuit Of Wealth - 1487 Words

Fitzgerald’s Pursuit of Wealth F. Scott Fitzgerald, ‘’who was not only part of the irresponsible and extravagant life of The Roaring Twenties, but he also helped named this era, The Jazz Age with his novels.’’(Mescal Evler 587) The Roaring Twenties gave people the opportunity to become wealthy. Many people at the time of this era were making a lot of money and partying. Fitzgerald most well-known novel, The Great Gatsby, was based on The Roaring Twenties. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald makes us wonder and speculate whether the pursuit of wealth is a noble aspect of life or does it lead to corruption and shower greed upon an individual. The main theme throughout Fitzgerald’s novel is that wealth leads to corruption. Several characters in the novel have corrupt aspects, such as Jay Gatsby, Tom Buchanan, Daisy Buchanan, and Myrtle Wilson. This can be seen through the indirect and direct characterization of the characters. Each of the characters corruptness is evident in their perspectives and actions. The motivation of wealth also corrupts an individual. Wealth makes a person act a certain way and do certain things. Fitzgerald uses imagery to embody the personality of Myrtle as being corrupt. Fitzgerald’s use of irony shows that society wants to be with you only if you have money. In order to be with someone you have to be up to their standard. Gatsby’s corruption can be seen by the indirect characterization of him and his business. Gatsby takes Nick to meet MeyerShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream By F. Scott Fitzgerald1134 Words   |  5 Pagesability to achieve wealth or anything if one works hard enough for it. While for others, the Dream is believed to be living a simple, happy and fulfilling life. Essentially, the American Dream is theoretically for every American individual, regardless of their race or social class. Many historians and novelists, such as F. Scott Fitzgerald, have accepted that these different beliefs and set of ideals make up the core components of the American Dream. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great GatsbyRead MoreThemes Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthe American dream is an evident theme in the novel. The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, uses the character Jay Gatsby to symbolize the corruption that the pursuit of the American Dream holds. The Ameri can Dream highlights equality and is the quintessential idea that all humans are equal. However, this idea is perceived as an illusion. Due to the social strata, humans are accordingly placed in a hierarchy based on status and wealth. This is clearly evident in the separation between East egg and West eggRead MoreWhat Techniques Does Fitzgerald Use to Convey the Main Themes in the Great Gatsby1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby â€Å"What techniques does Fitzgerald use to convey the central ideas of The Great Gatsby?† The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is primarily a social commentary on the state of American society during the post-war period of unprecedented affluence and prosperity. Fitzgerald depicts 1920’s America as an age of decline in traditional social and moral values; primarily evidenced by the cynicism, greed and the relentless yet empty pursuit of prosperity and pleasure that various charactersRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesculture beyond anything any human had seen before. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald imbues a story with many themes and qualities from his own life, reflected in the parallels between his own history and that of Gatsby and Nick Carraway. With new, unbridled, booming economic growth, what started as the Great American Dream became a vulgar, empty, greedy pursuit of material goods. On top of this rise in national wealth, the addition of disillusioned World War I veterans looking to grab the AmericanRead MoreThe Theme Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1297 Words   |  6 Pagesthe beauty and the corruption of the American Dream in the 1920’s. In the Great G atsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald includes many aspects in the story which show how the pursuit for the American Dream affected people in the 1920’s through their desire for wealth, desire for love, and desire for a luxurious lifestyle and high social status. The pursuit for the American Dream in the 1920’s affected people by bringing on a desire for wealth. 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Spleen In North India Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Spleen is a reticulo-endothelial and lymphoid organ and sometimes works as hematopoietic organ. Otherwise this organ is cemetery of RBCs. Spleen is enlarged in assorted clinical upsets e. We will write a custom essay sample on Spleen In North India Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. infection, metamorphosis or storage upset and haematological abnormalities1,2. Spleen is ne’er tangible boulder clay it is enlarged two-three times of its ain size3. There are many manners of probe to place the hypertrophied spleen e.g.-plane radiogram, echography, computed imaging, MRI and radionuclide scan. Out of these modes echography and computed imaging are most dependable for intra-abdominal organs4. Assorted surveies were done by echography to analyze the additive dimension of spleen-length, breadth, and thickness. But CT-based additive dimension are still unavailable. Unfortunately, dimensions determined by 2-D USG are limited preponderantly by the variable, irragular contour of lien but besides by the trouble in wholly scanning the full organ or visualising complete contours as a consequence of the presence of overlying constructions such as bone, intestine gas or kidney5. CT imagination is more accurate than echography because this drawback doesnot occur with com puted tomography6, 7, 8. CT scans of 126 patients ( 72 male and 54 female ) were used to mensurate the volume of lien. The age of patients ranged from 20 to 70 years ( 50.33Â ±18.9yrs ) ( Table-I ) . The information was collected from December 2006 to April 2007 with permission of Department of Radio-diagnosis, KGMU Lucknow and informed consent taken from each patient. CT scans were obtained for assorted clinical indicants and followup of abdominal injury, abdominal hurting and to except an abdominal mass or adenopathy. The patient ‘s organic structure weight and tallness at or near the clip of the CT scrutiny were recorded. Spleen axial and transverse sectional image were obtained a CT Helical instrument. The proficient parametric quantities were 120 kv potency, 120 ma current, 10mm piece breadth with indistinguishable Reconstruction index and a rotary motion clip of 1.5 secs. The medical records of all patients were reviewed. Patients whose liens appeared unnatural on CT scans were excluded. Additio nally, any patients who had clinical, biochemical or imaging grounds of conditions that could impact the size of the lien, haematological upsets, abdominal malignances, infection and portal high blood pressure, splenetic injury, cyst, and auto-immune diseases were excluded from the survey. CT-scan dicom images of each patient were opened in Able-3D-doctor package. Spleen is identified in each cross subdivision and longitudinal subdivision of CT-scan images. The length of lien recorded in longitudinal subdivision along 10th rib in cephalo-caudal way ( figure-1 ) . Width of lien besides recorded in longitudinal way ( figure-2 ) but thickness measured in cross-section image ( figure 3 ) . All dimensions were recorded maximal appreciated in subdivisions for better truth. All statistics were generated by SPSS version 10.The pupil T-test was used for comparing of agencies. P A ; lt ; 0.05 was considered important for comparing of agencies and for arrested development analysis. Association between splenetic dimensions and physical criterions of patients was assessed with the Pearson correlativity coefficient ; to place the exact form of relationship, non-linear arrested development every bit good as additive arrested development was applied. Multiple arrested development analysis was applied in backward stepwise manner to prove the independent consequence of all physical criterions on splenetic parametric quantities. Frank et Al used conventional echography to measure 793 healthy patients ( 17-82yrs. ) and found that 95 % of patients had splenetic length A ; lt ; 11cm, breadth A ; lt ; 7cm and thickness A ; lt ; 5cm9. Niederau et al studied 915 healthy topics utilizing echography and found that average longitudinal and cross diameter of lien to be 5.8Â ±1.8 centimeter and 5.5Â ±1.4 centimeter severally. These dimensions were much smaller than other surveies because writer did non mensurate maximal dimension10. Picardi et Al. found average longitudinal dimension of spleen ranged from 8 to 11 centimeter ( average: 9.5 centimeter ) 11. Mittal et Al. performed pilot survey of normal measuring of spleen by echography on Rajasthani population and found mean length of spleen 9.40Â ±0.91 centimeter in males and 9.34Â ±0.95 centimeter in females12. In older topics they found average length of spleen 9.64Â ±0.64 centimeter. Spielmann et Al, mean length of lien was found to be 11.4Â ±1.7 centimeter in males and 10.3Â ±1.3 centimeter in females13. Konus et Al. found average longitudinal dimension: 10.1Â ±1.03 cm13. In our survey intend splenetic length in North Indian population was 10.67Â ±1.62 centimeter ( female: 10.34Â ±1.58 and male 10.91Â ±1.67 centimeter, P A ; gt ; 0.05 ) 14. Mittal et Al. measured mean breadth of lien in male every bit good as female 3.45Â ±0.59 centimeter and 3.59Â ±0.55 centimeter. Average breadth of lien measured by Spielmann was 5.0Â ±0.8 in males and 4.2Â ±0.7 centimeter in females. In our survey average breadth of spleen 8.61Â ±1.58 centimeter ( male: 9.74Â ±1.62 centimeter and female 9.26Â ±1.66 centimeter, P A ; gt ; 0.05 ) and average thickness of spleen 4.86Â ±1.22cm ( female: 4.70Â ±1.19 centimeter and male: 4.97Â ±1.29 centimeter, P A ; gt ; 0.05 ) .These all dimension of spleen best correlated with tallness of the patients ( scatter plot-1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ) . Age of individual had important negative correlativity with cephal o-caudal length of spleen but rest of splenetic dimension did non hold important correlativity with age ( scatter plot-1.4, 1.5, 1.6 ) . How to cite Spleen In North India Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Southwest Airline case study free essay sample

Competitive advantage is a position of a company in a competitive landscape that allows the company earning return on investments higher than the cost of investments. Competitive advantage should be relevant, unique and sustainable. Therefore sustainable competitive advantage, it’s a long-term competitive advantage that a company own over others in the same sector that is not easily duplicated or surpassable by its competitors (wikipedia, 2009). Competitive advantage can also be seen as a superiority gained by an organization when it can provide the same value as its competitors but at a lower price or can charge higher prices and providing greater value through differentiation (Porter, 1985) For a company to sustain its competitive advantage its must possess a core competence which is a unique ability that he as develop over time that cannot be imitated by its competitors. Core competence is what gives a company one or more competitive advantage, in creating and delivering value to its customers in its chosen field. The sustainability of competitive advantage depends on three conditions, the first is the particular source of the advantage, secondly sustaining advantage requires change, it demands that a company exploit, rather than ignore industry trends, it also demands that a company invest to close off the avenue along which competitors could attack and lastly, to sustain its position a firm may have to destroy old advantages to create new higher ones. (Portal, 1990) For the purpose of this study we shall be taking southwest airline as a case study, Southwest Airline is a major U.  S. airline that primarily provides short haul, high frequency, point- to point, low fare service. Southwest was incorporated in Texas and commenced operations on June 18, 1971 with three Boeing 737 aircraft serving three Texas cities- Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. Today Southwest operates nearly 400 Boeing 737 aircraft to 59 U. S. cities. Southwest has the lowest operating cost structure in the domestic airli ne industry and consistently offers the lowest and simplest fares (wordpress. com, 2012). Southwest also has one of the best overall customer service records. Southwest is an entrepreneurial frame-breaking company that has chosen to play by a different set of rules in the airline industry. Some of its major rules are: -Having one type of aircraft(boewing 737) -Keeping cost as low as possible -Great customer service -Reward programme -Employee’s benefit and salaries -Utilization. Southwest Airline uses only one type of aircraft which is boewing 737, with this system they only need to train all their mechanics on only one types of airplane thereby reducing the cost of labour from manpower. Because they fly on on type of plane through all their routes they keep inventory for that type of airplane, if they need to swap a plane for maintenance at the last minute the plane is changeable on the spot without the stress of incurring extra cost that may arise as a result of swapping planes and time wasting. Southwest airline major business strategy of lowering cost is that they concentrating on airport that are underutilized and close to metropolitan areas thereby reducing airport charge cost and brings service close to their customers. The fleet of aircraft they use is fuel efficient boewing 737s, aside the fact that they reduce mechanic maintenance cost they also reduce fuel consumption cost by using boewing 737 aircraft. Unlike other airline rewards programs, which credit points for each mile traveled, the Southwest Rapid Rewards program awards credits for each leg of a trip. Once you reach the equivalent of 8 roundtrip legs in any 2-year period, you’ll earn a credit for a roundtrip flight between any two operating cities. Another key to Southwest Airline success is there employee’s salaries and benefits, southwest airline employee’s are paid lower than most of its competitors in the airline industry but they work more hours, pilots and flight attendants are paid by trip but seniority brings higher salaries. You get paid according to your grade and level. Southwest airline run a program that allow its employee’s to own its share on a discounted price, 85-90% of its employee’s own southwest airline stock, i.  e 12% of its total stock is owed its employee’s because of the discount purchase program put in place by the management. Mostly importantly, another very important strategy adopted by southwest airline is utilization. Each plane in the fleet flies extra flights per day, saving on maintenance and training costs. Utilization of cost effective revenue streams have been critical to their success. Southwest were one of the first airlines to have a website in early 19 95. In 2006 70% of Southwest’s revenue were generated from bookings online. Southwest gained a reputation for outside the box thinking and proactive risk management, including the use of fuel hedging to insulate against fuel price fluctuation. From a cost point of view, Southwest have maintained a cost per seat mile of $0. 12, which is around 25% cheaper than competitors. Aircraft turnaround time is 15 minutes, this is facilitated by multi tasking crews, with pilots and air crew cleaning the plan while on the ground. On average there are 94 employees per aircraft in contrast to competitors who have 130, and the south west staff serve on average 2500 passengers per year compared to competitors 1000. Another major strategies used by Southwest Airline to sustain competitive advantage and to maintain its market share was its fuel hedging strategy and passenger friendly technology which was introduced by Gary C. Kelly. The executives of southwest airline Know that its impossible to pass higher fuel prices on to passengers by raising ticket prices due to the highly competitive nature of the industry. The fuel hedging strategy was employed to reduce amount spent on jet fuel per annual.  2008 was a bad year for the airline industry in general, but not too bad for Southwest. During 2008, the cost of fuel fluctuated greatly, as the price of a barrel of crude oil soared from near $100 in January 2008 to almost $150 in July 2008, south west was able to maintain a reasonable production because of its fuel hedging strategy. Compare and contrast between the strategies adopted by Southwest Airlines and those of other airlines in the industry. Southwest as adopted a major strategy which as di fferentiate its operation from other airline in the industry. Why other airline uses different types of aircraft, southwest adopted the strategy of using just one aircraft (boewing 737) for all its route. Southwest operates a single aircraft type – the Boeing 737. This lowers personnel training and maintenance expenses for the airline. Costs related to spare part inventory management are also lower for one aircraft type compared to multiple aircraft types. Additionally, the use of a single aircraft type simplifies scheduling, flight operations and training activities. In the case of Southwest, the airline could employ an all Boeing 737 fleet as its operations are primarily focused on the domestic U. S. market with no long haul international flights. Thus, the Boeing 737 which is a short-to-medium range airplane is sufficient to serve its current flight operations. Problem solving: At most airlines (and many other businesses), when problems arise, everyone wants to avoid the blame. With that goal in mind, nobody likes to be the bearer of bad news. As usual, Southwest turns this around to its advantage. Southwest employees are openly encouraged to report problems as soon as they become aware of them so everyone can get involved in figuring out the best way to solve it. Just this subtle change has a huge impact on the quality of the communication taking place. â€Å"When something goes wrong, according to a Southwest pilot: ‘We figure out the cause of the delay. We do not necessarily chastise, though sometimes that comes into play. It is a matter of working together. No finger pointing, especially here, and I’m sure that’s the case elsewhere at Southwest. A Southwest station manager explained his philosophy: ‘If there’s a delay, we find out why it happened. Say there was a 10-minute delay because freight was excessive. If I’m screaming, I won’t know why it was late. The freight handlers will think, ‘He’s an idiot. If only he knew. ’ Then they’ll start leaving stuff behind or they’ll just shove it in and I won’t know. If we ask, ‘Hey, what happened? ’ then the next day the problem is taken care of. You have to be in that mode every day. There’s no one person who can do it. We all succeed together – and all fail together. You have to truly live it. I think we do here’. † (Gittell, 2003, p. 8). Southwest airline offers a free luggage checking to its customer why other airline charges for luggage checking. Southwest airline operates a 15minutes turnaround time which makes them fast than most airlines in the industry. While southwest operates a No sit reservation policy, which makes all its sits fully occupied before flight takeoff, other airline tickets are purchase based of sit. Southwests open-seating policy encourages passengers to get aboard faster and this also saves turnaround time. Southwest airline uses new technology of self checking and counters and boarding gate, to reduce the number of people standing in queue and to hold down the wait time in the ticket counter line. Contrary to most airlines, Southwest Airlines was able to withstand the shock from the September 11 attack. Describe the major steps taken by its management to make this possible. Lower fare as always been the biggest competitive advantage, driving passenger traffic and increasing market share for southwest airline. Lower fares have been critical in allowing southwest to post its 39th consecutive year of profits in 2011 and have helped the carrier in the past decade when the events of 9/11occur the low fare strategy was fully implemented. Southwest airline was able to withstand the shock from 9/11 through lower airfare. In 2002 after the September 11 terrorist customer level reduced greatly due to the fear of flying by customers, one way south west hope to retain customer trust was through lower airfare. In 2002 no airfare was more than $399, the company reduced airfare even further by lowering last minute fare to the minimum to further stimulate travel. In 2003 south west was offering fare as low as $39, they keep ticket price as low as possible to increase demand. Aside lower fare southwest was able to gain customer trust during September 11 attach by working with congress, the DOT, FAA and the law enforcement agencies to enhance maximum security of passengers. Security onboard board and anti-weapon system were put in place to guarantee passenger security. With this security measures put in place, southwest airline was able to gain customers trust. Another strategy used southwest to withstand the 9/11 shock, was continue streamlining and automation, this was an important strategy for south west to cut cost and maintain its competitive advantage. Southwest expanded it ticket counters and security checkpoints and has increased airport workforce. Southwest airline streamline its board process by replacing the traditional plastic boarding system with an automated one, and plan to introduce the new self check technology to reduce boarding times and reduce queuing in boarding gates. Critically evaluate the threats faced by Southwest Airlines and the airline industry in general. Illustrate how to overcome these possible threats. Weather Uncertainty: As we have seen most recently with Hurricane Sandy, natural disasters can cause major losses in business for the airlines, and because Mother Nature is so unpredictable, there is always major uncertainty revolving around the company Immense Competition: The airline industry is incredibly competitive, and the race to get the consumer’s business often leads to margin contraction. The major competitors of southwest are JetBlue Airways and US Airways JetBlue is significantly smaller than southwest and directly competes with Southwest in most of their core markets. Jetblue will continue to be a major threat for southwest because the fly different type of airplane that are more spacious and offer first class facility to the same locations as southwest, almost at the same price. Vulnerability to Rising Oil Prices: When jet fuel prices rise, airline companies are faced with the decision of passing the pain onto their customers and possibly losing business, or swallowing the costs and ruining their margins Exposure to Shaky American Economy: The Company operates mainly in the United States of America, and thus any economic slowdown exclusive to the American economy could drastically hurt Southwest’s business, while other international companies possess the ability to weather the storm. Other major threat faced by southwest is Threats of new airline security measures, terrorist attacks, and stricter airline industry regulations are affecting all firms throughout the industry and southwest is no exception. Southwest is faced with increased war risk, insurance and passenger security laws and directives. The three greatest threats that Southwest faces are the decrease in air travel, the increase in competition and security threats. Southwest faces competition from low fare airlines with similar business models. Because southwest has been a leader in the industry forging the groundwork for low-cost airlines, many other airlines have emulated its business model. This is causing a significant threat for Southwest because the decrease in commercial air travel has lessened the opportunities for airline service. One of the way to Neutralize these threats is by increasing its customer service and building on customer loyalty, and introducing rewards programs to attract more customer and ease of use for booking flights. Conclusion Conclusively the management of southwest airline should take advantage of the new fuel-efficiency technologies, which will help to reduce the fuel consumption of their aircrafts and thereby reducing cost of flying an aircraft. A reduction in operating cost will lead to further reduction in the prices of ticket. They should also try as much as possible to increase the capacity of some long-haul fights, and expanding their discreet collection of ancillary fees. Aside the current reward program management should introduce other programs, like promotion (buy two, get one free) ticket or buy a round trip ticket and get 10% offer your next purchase.